1850-1880
Realism in France appears after the 1848 Revolution. These realists positioned themselves against romanticism, a genre dominating French literature and artwork in the late 18th and early 19th centu...Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre1787-1851
French artist and physicist, recognized for his invention of the daguerreotype process of photography.
Jean-Francois Millet1814-1875
French painter that was one of the founders of the Barbizon school in rural France. He is well known for his paintings of peasant farmers and rural...
Gustav Courbet1819-1877
Gustav Courbet was a French painter who led the Realist movement in the 19th century. He usually painted figurative compositions, landscapes, seasc...
Rosa Bonheur1822-1899
French animalière, realist artist, and sculptor. As a painter she became famous primarily for two chief works: Ploughing in the Nivernais (in frenc...
Jules Breton1829-1906
French Realist artist known for his paintings of the French countryside, rural peasants, and traditional methods of painting.
Thomas Eakins1844-1916
American realist painter, photographer, sculptor, and fine arts educator. He is widely acknowledged to be one of the most important artists in Amer...
1867-1886
Impressionism originated with a group of Paris-based artists whose independent exhibitions brought them to prominence during the 1870s and 1880s. The name of the style is derived from the title of ...Édouard Manet1832-1883
One of the first 19th-century artists to approach modern-life subjects, he was a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism. Hi...
Salon de Paris1748-1890
In the 19th century the idea of a public Salon extended to an annual government-sponsored juried exhibition of new painting and sculpture, held in ...
James Whistler1834-1903
ames Abbott McNeill Whistler was an American-born, British-based artist. Averse to sentimentality and moral allusion in painting, he was a leading ...
Salon de Refusés1874-1886
As early as the 1830s, Paris art galleries had mounted small-scale, private exhibitions of works rejected by the Salon jurors. The glamorous event ...
Edgar Degas1834-1917
French artist famous for his work in painting, sculpture, printmaking and drawing. He is regarded as one of the founders of Impressionism although ...
Claude Monet1840-1926
Was a founder of French impressionist painting, and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement's philosophy of expressing one's ...
Auguste Renoir1841-1919
French artist who was a leading painter in the development of the Impressionist style. As a celebrator of beauty, and especially feminine sensualit...
Mary Cassatt1844-1926
An American painter and printmaker. She lived much of her adult life in France, where she first befriended Edgar Degas and later exhibited among th...
1885-1910
Symbolism originated in France, and was part of a 19th-century movement in which art became infused with mysticism. French Symbolism was both a continuation of the Romantic tradition and a reacti...Odilon Redon1840-1916
He was a French painter, printmaker, draughtsman and worked with pastels a lot during the symbolist era. He was born into a wealthy family and bega...
Henri Rousseau1844-1910
He was a French painter who contributed work in Symbolism and Post-Impressionism. He was self-taught and was ridiculed for that until later in his ...
Edvard Munch1863-1944
Norwegian symbolist painter and printmaker that was an important forerunner of expressionist art. He is most well known for his epic painting, The ...
1885-1905
The Post Impressionists were a few independent artists at the end of the 19th century who rebelled against the limitations of Impressionism to develop a range of personal styles that influenced the...Paul Cezanne1839-1906
a French artist and Post-Impressionist painter whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th century conception of artistic endea...
Manet and the Post-Impressionists1910-1910
The Bloomsbury Group’s most direct contribution to the change in human character that Virginia Woolf analyzes in "Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown" was t...
Paul Gauguin1848-1903
Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin was a leading French Post-Impressionist artist. He was an important figure in the Symbolist movement as a painter, sculpt...
Manet and Post-Impressionism1910-1910
An exhibition organized by Robert Fry who was an art critic. The show was all about the French painter Edouard Manet and his post-impressionist wor...
Vincent van Gogh1853-1890
He was a Dutch post-Impressionist painter. He was influenced by other artists like Jean Francois Millet through his realistic work. He used bold co...
Georges Seurat1859-1891
A French Post-Impressionist painter and draftsman. He is noted for his innovative use of drawing media and for devising a technique of painting kno...
Paul Signac1863-1935
A French neo-impressionist painter who, working with Georges Seurat, helped develop the pointillist style.
1890-1910
Art Nouveau is a global approach to decoration and architecture that dates back to 1890s. Reportedly, the connotation art nouveau in reference to the European art revolution of the decade of 1890, ...Antoni Gaudi1852-1926
Gaudi showed interest in architecture and design. Gaudi’s work on the Sagrad Familia coupled with his mastery of shapes and color were significance...
The International Exhibition of decorative art at Turin' in Studio Vol. 27 1903-1903
The exhibition had sections of artwork from England and Germany. The exhibition consisted of works by Baumann, Jurian Kok, and Carl Spindler. It fe...
Alphonse Mucha1860-1939
Alphonse Mucha, a graduated from Academia Juliana worked mostly in the theater a round Europe. His work entails exotic poster designs, adverts, soa...
Gustav Klimt1862-1918
Klimt became renowned following a variety of decorations of theaters he executed with his brother and a friend across Europe. Notably, his completi...
Henri de Toulouse Lautrec1864-1901
Despite his constant illnesses as a child, by the time he turned ten, Henrie de Toulouse-Lautrec had adopted the dark arts of art and craft. At the...
Hector Guimard1867-1942
He is a French architect best-known for his work in Art Nouveau style. He attended the Ecole nationale superieure des arts decoratifs in Paris in t...
Aubrey Beardsley1872-1898
Aubrey Beardsley is arguably the most significant English illustrator of the new art era. He began his short but illustrious career at the age of f...
Egon Schiele1890-1918
Egon Schiele was a renowned artist with credit for numerous masterpieces of the art Nouveau era. Apparently, his generation viewed him as the direc...
Paul Cauchie1995-1995
Paul Cauchie studied at the illustrious I'Ecole des Arts institute in Belgium. The veteran artist discovered his talent at a tender age and while s...
1900-1907
Fauvism is the style of les Fauves (French for "the wild beasts"), a short-lived and loose group of early twentieth-century Modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities and strong colo...Henri Matisse1869-1954
A French painter, print maker and sculptor that was known for his use of colors and fluidity in his brushwork. He was the main leader in Fauvism. H...
Georges Rouault1871-1958
He was a French painter, printmaker, lithography, and etching who was apart of the Fauvistic and Expressionism styles. He is from Paris and grew up...
Constantin Brancusi1876-1957
A Romanian sculptor who abstracted forms in his sculptures with clean geometrical lines in the Fauvist movement. From childhood he was interested i...
Maurice de Vlaminck1876-1958
A French painter whose work was considered Fauvism with the use of his intense color. He started painting in his teens and then met Andre Derain wh...
Raoul Dufy1877-1953
A French painter who aided in developing the colorful style of fauvism that became popular for other materials such as textiles and fabrics. He had...
Andre Derain1880-1954
A French painter and sculptor who helped lead the fauvist movement. He was born near Paris and attended college for engineering, but also took pain...
1905-1925
Started in Germany out of fauvism as a way to use distortion and exaggeration to have a more emotional effect with the use of intense colors and bold brush strokes and outlines. Major Artists in th...Wassily Kandinsky1866-1944
A Russian painter who was one of the first to make pure abstracted art. From childhood he was fascinated with color theory. He also had in interest...
Der Blaue Reiter1911-1914
Der Blaue Reiter was an expressionist art movement that originated in Germany in 1911. It was founded by Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc, Paul Klee, ...
Degenerate Art Exhibition1937-1937
Degenerate Art was the term used by Nazi's during the Nazi Regime referring to almost all modern art. This exhibition featured 650 paintings, print...
Käthe Kollwitz1867-1945
Kollwitz was a Expressionist artist who worked as a painter, printmaker, and sculptor. Her work is significant for its portrayal of motherhood, and...
Color Photography 1907-1907
This was the first time a quality Autochrome color plate was perfected by Auguste and Louis Lumiere. Autochrome was a process used before they inve...Emil Nolde1867-1956
A German painter and printmaker who was apart of the Die Brücke. He is considered to be one of the earliest Expressionism artists. His paintings ar...
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner1880-1938
A German painter and printmaker who was apart of the group called "The Bridge" that began the Expressionist movement. He fought in the World War, b...
Max Pechstein1881-1955
A German painter and printmaker during the expressionist movement. He was also apart of the Die Brücke group. Vincent Van Gogh was a nig influence ...
Oskar Kokoschka1886-1980
He was an Austrian painter, poet, and playwright best known for his expressionistic portraits. He started his art career by painting portraits of V...
1908-1914
This was a movement that looked at the subject in a new way and from different viewpoints by analyzing breaking it up into an abstracted form. Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque were two of the main ...Pablo Picasso1881-1973
One of the most influential artists of the 20th century, Picasso was known for his paintings, sculptures, prints, and ceramics. He is most well-kno...
Synthetic Cubism1912-1914
Synthetic Cubism was a movement within the Cubist movement. It was sparked by Pablo Picasso's "Still Life With Chair Caning," and introduced collag...
Salon des Indépendants of 19111911-1911
The first exhibition to show Cubist work, which was displayed in its own room, ‘Salle 41.’
Georges Braque1882-1963
A French sculptor and painter who helped in developing the cubist movement. His earlier work was geared to impressionism, but was inspired by fauvi...
Orphism1912-1913
Orphism was an off-shoot of Cubism that combined abstraction with Fauve color. It was founded by Robert Delaunay and his wife Sonia, and was featur...Paris' rue Lafitte1901-1901
This was the first major exhibition of Pablo Picasso's. It was known as a prestigious gallery at the time. A total of 75 works were displayed of hi...
Marc Chagall1887-1985
Marc Chagall was a Russian-born artist who is considered an early modernist. Stylistically, his work most resembles Cubism, but he was also influen...
Vorticism1914-1914
A short-lived offshoot of Cubism that was also influence by Futurism. It was named by Ezra Pound and founded by Wyndham Lewis. They held only one e...
1909-1916
Artistic Movement that originated in Italy and was founded by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti. The artists expressed movement, speed, technology and violence as their subjects in their work.Giacomo Balla1871-1958
He was an Italian painter and sculptor who was apart of the Futurism movement. His father died at age 9 and he then began working in lithography pr...
1915-1916
Russian abstract art movement that officially began with its first show in December, 1915. It was founded by Kasimir Malevich, who began developing the style in 1913. The style put emphasis on basi...Kazimir Malevich1879-1935
Malevich was a Russian artist who worked in a variety of styles throughout his life. He is best known for his philosophical writing and founding th...
The Last Futurist Exhibition 0.10 1915-1915
The 0.10 Exhibition was the first to debut Suprematist artwork. It was here that Malevich first displayed "Black Square," placing it in the corner ...
1916-1922
Dada was a movement that responded to the horrors of war and modern society. They saw World War I as being so insane that its existence called into question the validity of the society that produce...Hugo Ball1886-1927
Ball was a writer and performance artist born in Germany in 1886. He was the leader of the Zurich Dada movement. He is credited with naming the Dad...
Salon des Indépendants 19211921-1921
The Salon des Indépendants in 1921 was the first exhibition to display Dada artwork in France.Marcel Duchamp1887-1968
Marcel Duchamp challenged conventional art and tradition of his time. Being associated with Dadaism and Surrealism, Duchamp wanted to create cerebr...
Cabaret Voltaire1916-1917
Cabaret Voltaire was a nightclub founded by Hugo Ball in 1916. It was meant to be a gathering place for artists, and was a central meeting place fo...
1917-1931
De Stijl was a Dutch artistic movement that also goes by the name of “neoplasticism.” It was founded by the artists Theo van Doesburg and Piet Mondrian in 1917. They attempted to create a utopian i...Piet Mondrian1872-1944
Piet Mondrian was a Dutch artist who helped establish the de Stijl movement with Theo van Doesburg. He developed his own style of painting within d...
De Stijl Journal1917-1932
"De Stijl" was a journal associated with the art movement of the same name, and was published by Theo Van Doesburg, who sought to establish the de ...Theo van Doesburg1883-1931
Theo van Doesburg was a Dutch artist who founded the de Stijl movement. He was also involved in the Dada movement.
1919-1934
Constructivism was a Russian movement founded by Vladimir Tatlin and Alexander Rodchenko in 1915. Stylistically, it was influence by Cubism and Suprematism, but ideologically, it was a response to ...Vladimir Tatlin 1885-1953
Vladimir Tatlin was one of the most important Russian avant-garde artists, and the founder of Constructivism. He was a painter and architect, and i...
5 x 5 = 25 exhibition1921-1921
5 x 5 = 25 was a two-part exhibition held in Moscow from September to October 1921. It was here that the Constructivists declared the death of pain...
1919-1933
School founded by the architect Walter Gropius in Weimar, Germany in 1919 that combined crafts and the fine arts. It was founded with idea of creating a total work of art in which all arts would be...Walter Gropius1883-1969
German architect who founded the Bauhaus school in Weimar, Germany in 1919. Gropius, along with lies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier is regarded as o...
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe1886-1969
German architect that along with Walter Gropius and Le Corbusier is regarded as the pioneering master of Modern architecture. Mies sought to establ...
Hannes Meyer1889-1954
Swiss architect appointed head of the Bauhaus architecture department by Walter Gropius in April of 1927. Meyer believed that architecture was an o...
1920-1930
Bold colors. Geometric shapes. Sharp, linear elements. This movement finds itself as the most "modern" style for the time. Mostly associated with architecture, the machine-like chrome and industria...William Van Alen1883-1954
Brooklyn born, William Van Alen studied at the Pratt Institute, and later found himself, with the help of a prestigious scholarship, schooling in P...
The International Exposition of Modern Industrial and Decorative Arts 1924-1924
Exposition Internationale des arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes The famous World’s Fair held in Paris, was held in France from April to Oc...
Tadeusz Lucjan Gronowski1894-1975
Graphic artists, book illustrator, painter, and architect. He has received many Polish domestic and international prizes and acts of recognition, i...
Tamara de Lempicka1898-1980
"The first woman artists to be a glamor star", Tamara de Lempicka, originally, Maria Górska, was one of the most interesting and riveting woman art...
1920-1940
A literary and artistic movement of dream-like expressionism. Combining prose, poetry, story, and art works, the authors and movers of this movement were specifically obsessed with capturing imagin...Paul Klee1879-1940
Cubism and Expressionism is where Paul Klee drew most of his inspiration from. However, his highly individual style is reflected upon his Surrealis...
Man Ray1890-1975
Man Ray was an American artist who lived most of his career in Paris, France. Unofficially belonging to both Dadaist and Surrrealist groups, Ray cr...
Max Ernst1891-1975
German painter, sculptor, graphic artists, and poet, Max Ernst is one of the most influential members of the Dada and Surrealist groups.
Marianne Brandt1893-1975
German painter, sculptor, photographer and designer who studied and trained at the Bauhaus school and eventually became head of the metal workshop ...
Andre Breton1896-1966
He is known best as the founder of Surrealism. His writings include the first Surrealist Manifesto (Manifeste du surréalisme) of 1924, in which he ...
Salvador Dali1904-1975
Dalí was a skilled draftsman, best known for the striking and bizarre images in his surrealist work. His painterly skills are often attributed to t...
Giorgio De Chirico1995-1995
De Chirico studied art in Florence and Athens, and later moved to Germany where he entered into the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich where he flouris...
1946-1960
Abstract Expressionism marks the shift of focus of modern art from Europe to the United States. The movement began post-world war II. Although the exact date of its start is unclear, the first use ...Mark Rothko1903-1970
Marcus Rothkowitz, or more commonly known as Mark Rothko, is a Russian-American painter. While he is categorized as part of Abstract Expressionism,...
Willem de Kooning1904-1995
Willem de Kooning was another significant painter from Abstract Expressionism. Similar to Pollock, de Kooning's style is regarded as "action painti...
Barnett Newman1905-1970
Barnett Newman is also regarded as a significant figure in Abstract Expressionism. Similar to Rothko, Newman is considered a "color field" painter....
Franz Kline1910-1962
American painter associated with the abstract expressionist movement in New York in the 1940's and 1950's. Labeled as an "action painter" because o...
Jackson Pollock1912-1956
Jackson Pollock was one of the main artists of the Abstract Expressionism movement. Influenced by the Native Americans, Pollock's style known as "a...